Mtric from Non-Metric Action of Gravity

The action of general relativity proposed by Capovilla, Jacobson and Dell is written in terms of $SO(3)$ gauge fields and gives Ashtekar's constraints for Einstein gravity. However, it does not depend on the space-time metric nor its signature explicitly. We discuss how the space-time metric is introduced from algebraic relations of the constraints and the Hamiltonian by focusing our attention on the signature factor. The system describes both Euclidian and Lorentzian metrics depending on reality assignments of the gauge connections. That is, Euclidian metrics arise from the real gauge fields. On the other hand, self-duality of the gauge fields, which is well known in the Ashtekar's formalism, is also derived in this theory from consistency condition of Lorentzian metric. We also show that the metric so determined is equivalent to that given by Urbantke, which is usually accepted as a definition of the metric for this system.Comment: 9

Massive Analogue of Ashtekar-CJD Action

The action of Ashtekar gravity have been found by Cappovilla, Jacobson and Dell. It does not depend on the metric nor the signature of the space-time. The action has a similar structure as that of a massless relativistic particle. The former is naturally generalized by adding a term analogous to a mass term of the relativistic particle. The new action possesses a constant parameter regarded as a kind of a cosmological constant. It is interesting to find a covariant Einstein equation from the action. In order to do it we will examine how the geometrical quantities are determined from the non-metric action and how the Einstein equation follows from it.Comment: 6p. Te

A Scale-Free Structure Prior for Graphical Models with Applications in Functional Genomics

The problem of reconstructing large-scale, gene regulatory networks from gene expression data has garnered considerable attention in bioinformatics over the past decade with the graphical modeling paradigm having emerged as a popular framework for inference. Analysis in a full Bayesian setting is contingent upon the assignment of a so-called structure prior—a probability distribution on networks, encoding a priori biological knowledge either in the form of supplemental data or high-level topological features. A key topological consideration is that a wide range of cellular networks are approximately scale-free, meaning that the fraction, , of nodes in a network with degree is roughly described by a power-law with exponent between and . The standard practice, however, is to utilize a random structure prior, which favors networks with binomially distributed degree distributions. In this paper, we introduce a scale-free structure prior for graphical models based on the formula for the probability of a network under a simple scale-free network model. Unlike the random structure prior, its scale-free counterpart requires a node labeling as a parameter. In order to use this prior for large-scale network inference, we design a novel Metropolis-Hastings sampler for graphical models that includes a node labeling as a state space variable. In a simulation study, we demonstrate that the scale-free structure prior outperforms the random structure prior at recovering scale-free networks while at the same time retains the ability to recover random networks. We then estimate a gene association network from gene expression data taken from a breast cancer tumor study, showing that scale-free structure prior recovers hubs, including the previously unknown hub SLC39A6, which is a zinc transporter that has been implicated with the spread of breast cancer to the lymph nodes. Our analysis of the breast cancer expression data underscores the value of the scale-free structure prior as an instrument to aid in the identification of candidate hub genes with the potential to direct the hypotheses of molecular biologists, and thus drive future experiments

Nucleic Acid-Based Therapy: Development of a Nonviral-Based Delivery Approach

Gene therapy returns to the center stage of medicine to treat patients with diseases that are unable to be cured with the conventional therapeutic strategies. This development is due to various reasons, including vector development and significant achievement in next-generation sequencing. Among the various methodologies of gene therapy, nucleic acid-based therapy has been considered to be promising in various diseases. The development of delivery methods to target cells in vivo, however, remains critical. These include viral vector-based and nonviral vector-based gene delivery methods as well as physical approaches such as hydrodynamic gene delivery (HGD). HGD is a simple and effective in vivo gene transfer method for the functional analysis of therapeutic genes and regulatory elements in small animals. Moreover, this chapter outlines the principle of HGD, gene expression studies in rodents, and recent advances in clinical application of HGD and provides future perspectives in developing a safe and efficient method for nucleic acid-based therapy

Analysis of Chemical Species of Water-Insoluble Sulfur Compounds in Rime Ice and Snow and Long-range Transfer Mechanism of Coal Burning Emissions under Winter Monsoon Conditions

　樹氷と雪の中の非水溶性イオウ化合物の化学形態別分析と東アジアの石炭燃焼排出物の冬期モンスーン下での長距離輸送機構の同定法についてまとめた．単一分光結晶を用いた波長分散型蛍光エックス線装置による樹氷や雪の濾過物であるメンブレンフィルター上の薄膜分析を行った．S-Kα 線の化学シフトからイオウの化学状態別分析が可能であった．樹氷と雪の試料に限ってはカルシウム濃度とイオウ濃度からも化学状態分析が可能であった．卓上型の低真空走査電子顕微境エネルギー分散型X 線分光法（SEM-EDX）を用いて濾過薄膜中の無機小球体粒子（主に石炭フライアッシュ）の一粒子分析を行った．レーダーチャートパターンから5 種類のカテゴリーが見つかり，かつ，24 h 後方流跡線から発生域を中国華北，北東中国，朝鮮半島，黒竜江省－ロシア沿海地方，および日本を発生域に特定することを提案した．溶存成分中のCd，Pb，非海塩性硫酸イオンのモル比からそれらの発生域を特定できることもわかった．これらは，中国炭のイオウ同位体比，日本における鉛同位体比からの地域分けと一致した．We have conducted the analysis of chemical species of water-insoluble sulfur compounds in rime ice and snow and used the analysis to propose a long-range transport mechanism for coal-burning emissions in East Asia under winter monsoon conditions. Thin films of insoluble substances included in rime ice and snow on a 0.45 μm pore size membrane filter were analyzed by wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with single dispersive crystal. Using this approach, we could analyze the sulfur-containing chemical species by examining the chemical shift of the S-Kα line. The chemical species containing sulfur were analyzed exclusively from the Ca and S concentrations in the residues of rime ice and snow. Single-particle analysis of the thin film on the membrane filter was performed for particles with size below 3 μm using a tabletop low-vacuum scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy instrument. Particles were classified into six categories according to their compositions. Five major categories of spider chart distribution patterns were identified, and we proposed that they depended on the 24-hour back trajectory, such as Huabei, China, Northeast China, Korea Peninsula, Heilongjiang-Russia, and Japan types. We could assign the generating area of the air pollutants using the mole ratios of water-soluble Cd, Pb, and nss-SO42−species. These categories corresponded with the areas in China based on the isotope ratio of sulfur in Chinese coal and the isotope ratio of Pb collected in Japan

Surgical Treatment of a Giant Liposarcoma in a Japanese Man

We report a case of a rapidly progressing giant retroperitoneal liposarcoma weighing 22 kg in a 41-year-old Japanese man, successfully treated with surgical excision. To our knowledge, this is the largest liposarcoma in the Japanese population reported in the literature

Gauge transformations and symmetries of integrable systems

We analyze several integrable systems in zero-curvature form within the framework of $SL(2,\R)$ invariant gauge theory. In the Drienfeld-Sokolov gauge we derive a two-parameter family of nonlinear evolution equations which as special cases include the Kortweg-de Vries (KdV) and Harry Dym equations. We find residual gauge transformations which lead to infinintesimal symmetries of this family of equations. For KdV and Harry Dym equations we find an infinite hierarchy of such symmetry transformations, and we investigate their relation with local conservation laws, constants of the motion and the bi-Hamiltonian structure of the equations. Applying successive gauge transformatinos of Miura type we obtain a sequence of gauge equivalent integrable systems, among them the modified KdV and Calogero KdV equations.Comment: 18pages, no figure Journal versio

グァテマラにおけるテメホス剤を用いた広域でのブユ防除法の検討

金沢大学留学生センターグァテマラのオンコセルカ症流行地域における媒介ブユ幼虫の防除方法を改良する目的で, テメホスの各種剤型を用いて, 雨季にグアチピリン水系で広範囲にわたる野外実験を行った。その結果, 0.2∿2.0ppm/10minの範囲では有効距離に薬剤濃度は無関係で, 流水量が関係していた。テメホスの固型剤, 水和剤, 乳剤, 油剤の間, および瞬時投入と10分間投入との間には顕著な差は認められなかった。したがって, グァテマラにおけるオンコセルカ症媒介ブユ対策の作業は, テメホス水和剤1.0∿1.5g入りの袋を流水量とは無関係に, 50∿100mおきに瞬時投入するのが適切と考えられた。 In order to investigate an effective control method of blackfly larvae in an onchocerciasis endemic area of Guatemala, large scale stream tests were done in the rainy season using various formulations of temephos. The concentration of temephos had no relationship with its carry within a range of 0.2-2.0ppm/10min. There existed a clear tendency in that the larger the water discharge, the longer was the carry of the insecticide. No distinct difference was observed in efficacy among the four formulations, i.e. solid, water dispersible powders (wdp), emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and oil solution, as also between the two application methods, instantaneous pouring and pouring during a 10min period. It is recommended that in future vector control operations of Guatemalan onchocerciasis temephos wdp packed in a bag containing 1.0-1.5g of the active ingredient should be poured into a stream immediately after mixing it with stream water, regardless of the water discharge of stream. With this mode of application, 50-100m carry would be expected in streams infested with Simulium ochraceum, the principal vector of onchocerciasis

(Au@Ag)@Au double shell nanoparticles loaded on rutile TiO2 for photocatalytic decomposition of 2-propanol under visible light irradiation

We synthesized (core@shell)@shell ((Au@Ag)@Au) nanoparticles (NPs) by a multistep citrate reduction method for utilization as photosensitizers of TiO2. The (Au@Ag)@Au NPs exhibited strong photoabsorption in visible light response due to LSPR excitation of the Ag shell, and its LSPR characteristics were stable under visible light irradiation for a long time because oxidation of the Ag shell was prevented by the outermost Au shell. Furthermore, we successfully loaded (Au@Ag)@Au NPs on rutile TiO2 by an impregnation method. (Au@Ag)@Au/TiO2 could oxidize 2-propanol into acetone and CO2 under visible light irradiation (λ > 440 nm), and its acetone evolution rate was approximately 15-times higher than that of Au/TiO2. From a comparison of action spectra for acetone evolution and the Kubelka–Munk function, it was confirmed that photocatalytic activity of (Au@Ag)@Au/TiO2 was induced by photoabsorption based on LSPR excitation of the Ag shell. In addition, photoelectrochemical measurements revealed electron injection from LSPR-excited (Au@Ag)@Au NPs into TiO2 under visible light irradiation. We proposed the photocatalytic reaction process of (Au@Ag)@Au/TiO2 in conjunction with optical, structural and photoelectrochemical properties